Network engineers need OS API for packet inspections. Simple solution - copy all packets to userspace - flood Filter packets before passing them to userspace
Converts media dependent data into standard(?) data What makes a phyiscal link? Link partner + Media + Connector + PHY(?) Media: Copper(CAT-5,CAT-6,CAT-7), Fiber(XY nm), Radio Connector: 8P8C, SFP Standard: GMII/MII (Gigabit Media Independent Interface/Media Independent Interface) PHY: (Microchip KSZ9031)[[https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031\\\]]
Transferring data across physical link Encapsulating data into units called frames - why? circuit switching vs packet switching We call these devices NIC (Network Interface Controllers) Data-Link Layer = MAC Layer
First layer of code in Linux: network device driver (eg. dwmac-imx, r8169) dwmac-imx = Synopsys DesignWare® Ethernet MAC IP driver + imx specific glue
Sometimes NIC = PHY + MAC (eg. PCIE/USB cards eg. Realtek RTL8111)
IEEE 802 family. IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) family (eg. 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-X) - pairs, lanes, line-code, cable, max distance IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) IEEE 802.15 (PAN) - Zigbee, Bluetooth
MTU, advmss and mysterious TLS handshake failures
ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 advmss 1500
iproute2 is a collection of utilities for controlling TCP / IP networking and traffic control in Linux.
ifconfig originally appeared in 4.2BSD as part of the BSD TCP/IP suite. The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface and/or configure network interface parameters.
ip vs ifconfing netstat vs ss
Delivering packets to the destination host Breaking data into fragments small enough for transmission via data link layer
Provide a communication service between applications on different hosts
[https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031\\\]]: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031]
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