Linux networking

Essentials

Network protocols quick start

Packet filtering

Network engineers need OS API for packet inspections. Simple solution - copy all packets to userspace - flood Filter packets before passing them to userspace

Physical Layer

Converts media dependent data into standard(?) data What makes a phyiscal link? Link partner + Media + Connector + PHY(?) Media: Copper(CAT-5,CAT-6,CAT-7), Fiber(XY nm), Radio Connector: 8P8C, SFP Standard: GMII/MII (Gigabit Media Independent Interface/Media Independent Interface) PHY: (Microchip KSZ9031)[[https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031\\\]]

Transferring data across physical link Encapsulating data into units called frames - why? circuit switching vs packet switching We call these devices NIC (Network Interface Controllers) Data-Link Layer = MAC Layer

First layer of code in Linux: network device driver (eg. dwmac-imx, r8169) dwmac-imx = Synopsys DesignWare® Ethernet MAC IP driver + imx specific glue

Sometimes NIC = PHY + MAC (eg. PCIE/USB cards eg. Realtek RTL8111)

IEEE 802 family. IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) family (eg. 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-X) - pairs, lanes, line-code, cable, max distance IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) IEEE 802.15 (PAN) - Zigbee, Bluetooth

MTU, advmss and mysterious TLS handshake failures

ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 advmss 1500

Linux + L1 + L2

iproute2 is a collection of utilities for controlling TCP / IP networking and traffic control in Linux.

ifconfig originally appeared in 4.2BSD as part of the BSD TCP/IP suite. The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface and/or configure network interface parameters.

ip vs ifconfing netstat vs ss

Network Layer

Delivering packets to the destination host Breaking data into fragments small enough for transmission via data link layer

Transport Layer

Provide a communication service between applications on different hosts

[https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031\\\]]: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/KSZ9031]

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